dalton's law

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dalton's law

The scientist uses Dalton's law to calculate the total pressure of the gas mixture.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A law of partial pressures in physical chemistry: Dalton's law states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure it would exert if it alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
    • A law of multiple proportions in chemistry: Dalton's law also states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers.
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • To calculate the total pressure in the container, we applied Dalton's law of partial pressures.
    • Dalton's law of multiple proportions was crucial for developing early atomic theory, as seen in the carbon-oxygen compounds CO and CO₂.
Advanced Usage

  • "Dalton's law of partial pressures": This is the full, specific term for the gas law. It is fundamental in fields like respiratory physiology and chemical engineering.

    • The anesthesiologist must understand Dalton's law of partial pressures to manage gas mixtures for patients.

  • "Dalton's law of multiple proportions": This is the full, specific term for the stoichiometric law concerning compound formation.

    • The formation of water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) from hydrogen and oxygen is a classic illustration of Dalton's law of multiple proportions.
Variants and Related Words

  • Daltonian (adj): Pertaining to John Dalton or his theories.

    • The Daltonian model of the atom was a significant step in science.

  • Partial Pressure (n): The pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture, a key concept in Dalton's law.

    • The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is about 21 kPa.
Synonyms
  • Law of Partial Pressures: A direct synonym for the first meaning of Dalton's law.
  • Law of Multiple Proportions: A direct synonym for the second meaning of Dalton's law.
Related Phrases
  • Ideal Gas Law: A related but more comprehensive gas law (PV = nRT) that Dalton's law complements for gas mixtures.
  • Graham's Law: Another gas law dealing with effusion and diffusion, often studied alongside Dalton's law.
dalton's law

The scientist uses Dalton's law to calculate the total pressure of the gas mixture.

Noun
  1. (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
  2. (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation

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